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Sending you my warm wishes
from home to home and
from heart to heart
Have a very very
Tuesday 31 December 2019
Friday 27 December 2019
Formation of Y Bus Matrix
FORMATION OF Y BUS MATRIX
PROGRAM:
clc;
n=input('Enter the no. of buses:')
for i=1:n
for j=1:n
if(i==j)
y(i,j)=0;
a(i,j)=0;
else
i
j
z(i,j)=input('Enter the self impedance:');
if(z(i,j)==0)
y(i,j)=z(i,j);
else
y(i,j)=1/z(i,j);
end
a(i,j)=input('Enter the line changing admittance:');
end
end
end
for i=1:n
for j=1:n
if(i==j)
r(i,j)=0;
for k=1:n
r(i,j)=y(i,k)+a(i,k)+r(i,j);
end
else
r(i,j)=-y(i,j);
end
end
end
disp('The resultant Y-bus is:');
r
C++ Program
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int *,int * );
void main()
{
int x,y;
clrscr();
cout<<"\n Enter the values of X & Y";
cin>>x>>y;
cout<<"\n Before swapping:";
cout<<"\n Values x="<<x<<"and Y="<<y;
swap(&x,&y);
getch();
}
void swap(int *x,int *y)
{
int m;
m=*x;
*x=*y;
*y=m;
cout<<"\n After swapping:";
cout<<"\n Values x="<<*x<<" and Y="<<*y;
}
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int *,int * );
void main()
{
int x,y;
clrscr();
cout<<"\n Enter the values of X & Y";
cin>>x>>y;
cout<<"\n Before swapping:";
cout<<"\n Values x="<<x<<"and Y="<<y;
swap(&x,&y);
getch();
}
void swap(int *x,int *y)
{
int m;
m=*x;
*x=*y;
*y=m;
cout<<"\n After swapping:";
cout<<"\n Values x="<<*x<<" and Y="<<*y;
}
Thursday 26 December 2019
DIY Vending Machine Correct Program
DIY VENDING MACHINE
Circuit Diagram:-
Program:-
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <Servo.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22);
Servo servo1, servo2, servo3, servo4;
#define dirPinVertical 0
#define stepPinVertical 1
#define dirPinHorizontal 2
#define stepPinHorizontal 3
#define coinDetector 9
#define button1 13
#define button2 12
#define button3 11
#define button4 10
#define microSwitchV 15
#define microSwitchH 14
int buttonPressed;
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2);
servo1.attach(4);
servo2.attach(5);
servo3.attach(6);
servo4.attach(7);
pinMode(dirPinVertical, OUTPUT);
pinMode(stepPinVertical, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dirPinHorizontal, OUTPUT);
pinMode(stepPinHorizontal, OUTPUT);
pinMode(coinDetector, INPUT);
pinMode(button1, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(button2, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(button3, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(button4, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(microSwitchV, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(microSwitchH, INPUT_PULLUP);
digitalWrite(dirPinVertical, HIGH);
while (true) {
if (digitalRead(microSwitchV) == LOW) {
moveUp(70);
break;
}
digitalWrite(stepPinVertical, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(300);
digitalWrite(stepPinVertical, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(300);
}
digitalWrite(dirPinHorizontal, LOW);
while (true) {
if (digitalRead(microSwitchH) == LOW) {
moveLeft(350);
break;
}
digitalWrite(stepPinHorizontal, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(300);
digitalWrite(stepPinHorizontal, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(300);
}
}
void loop() {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Insert the coin!");
while (true) {
if (digitalRead(coinDetector) == LOW) {
break;
}
}
delay(10);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Select the item you want");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" 1, 2, 3 or 4?");
while (true) {
if (digitalRead(button1) == LOW) {
buttonPressed = 1;
break;
}
if (digitalRead(button2) == LOW) {
buttonPressed = 2;
break;
}
if (digitalRead(button3) == LOW) {
buttonPressed = 3;
break;
}
if (digitalRead(button4) == LOW) {
buttonPressed = 4;
break;
}
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Please wait");
switch (buttonPressed) {
case 1:
moveUp(4900);
delay(200);
moveLeft(1700);
delay(300);
servo1.writeMicroseconds(2000);
delay(950);
servo1.writeMicroseconds(1500);
delay(500);
moveRight(1700);
delay(200);
moveDown(4900);
break;
case 2:
moveUp(4900);
delay(200);
servo2.writeMicroseconds(2000);
delay(950);
servo2.writeMicroseconds(1500);
delay(500);
moveDown(4900);
break;
case 3:
moveUp(2200);
delay(200);
moveLeft(1700);
delay(300);
servo3.writeMicroseconds(2000);
delay(950);
servo3.writeMicroseconds(1500);
delay(500);
moveRight(1700);
delay(200);
moveDown(2200);
break;
case 4:
moveUp(2200);
delay(200);
servo4.writeMicroseconds(2000);
delay(950);
servo4.writeMicroseconds(1500);
delay(500);
moveDown(2200);
break;
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Delivered Sucessfully");
delay(2000);
}
void moveUp (int steps) {
digitalWrite(dirPinVertical, LOW);
for (int x = 0; x < steps; x++) {
digitalWrite(stepPinVertical, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(300);
digitalWrite(stepPinVertical, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(300);
}
}
void moveDown (int steps) {
digitalWrite(dirPinVertical, HIGH);
for (int x = 0; x < steps; x++) {
digitalWrite(stepPinVertical, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(300);
digitalWrite(stepPinVertical, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(300);
}
}
void moveLeft (int steps) {
digitalWrite(dirPinHorizontal, HIGH);
for (int x = 0; x < steps; x++) {
digitalWrite(stepPinHorizontal, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(300);
digitalWrite(stepPinHorizontal, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(300);
}
}
void moveRight (int steps) {
digitalWrite(dirPinHorizontal, LOW);
for (int x = 0; x < steps; x++) {
digitalWrite(stepPinHorizontal, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(300);
digitalWrite(stepPinHorizontal, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(300);
}
}
Thursday 19 December 2019
Economic Load Dispatch In Power System Without Considering Losses Using Direct Method
ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH IN POWER
SYSTEM WITHOUT CONSIDERING LOSSES USING DIRECT METHOD
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear
all;
warning
off;
a=[.001562;.00194;.00482];
b=[7.92;7.85;7.97];
c=[561;310;78];
pd=850;
pgmin=[150;100;50];
pgmax=[600;400;200];
noofunits=length(a);
delp=10;
lambda=(pd+sum(b./(2*a)))/sum(ones(length(a),1)./(2*a));
lambda;
p=(lambda-b)./(2*a);
for
i=1:noofunits
if
p(i)>pgmax(i)
if
lambda>((2*a(i)*pgmax(i))+b(i))
p(i)=pgmax(i);
end
else if
p(i)<pgmin(i)
if
lambda<((2*a(i)*pgmax(i))+b(i))
p(i)=pgmin(i);
end
end
end
end
p
Economic Load Dispatch In Power System With Considering Losses Using Direct Method
ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH IN POWER
SYSTEM WITH CONSIDERING LOSSES USING DIRECT METHOD
ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH IN POWER SYSTEM WITH CONSIDERING LOSSES USING DIRECT METHOD
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear
all;
warning
off;
a=[.658;.586;.789];
b=[5.3;5.5;5.8];
c=[500;400;200];
pd=800;
delp=10;
noofunits=length(a)
lambda=input('enter
estimated value of lam=');
fprintf('\n')
disp(['lambda
p1 p2 p3 delta data lambda'])
iter=0;
while
abs(delp)>=0.001
iter=iter+1;
p=(lambda-b)./(2*a);
delp=pd-sum(p);
j=sum(ones(length(a),1)./(2*a));
delambda=delp/j;
disp([lambda,p(1),p(2),p(3),delp,delambda])
lambda=lambda+delambda;
end
lambda
p
totalcost=sum(c+b.*p+a.*p.^2)
Electromagnetic Transients in Power System
ELECTRO MAGNETIC TRANSIENTS IN POWER SYSTEM
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear
all;
l=1.58e-3;
irms=7000;
c=.0028e-6;
x1=2*3.14*50*l;
v1=irms*x1*1.414*1e-3;
slc=sqrt(1*c);
t1=0e-6:.1e-6:10e-6
v2=v1*(1-cos(t1/slc))
plot(t1,v2,'r-')
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel('voltage(v)');
title('etps');
k1=sqrt(3);
k2=1.5;
k3=1;
ary=k1*k2*k3*v1
rv=1
mrv=v1*2
t=3.14*slc;
rrrv=mrv/t
Transient and Small Signal Stability Analysis
TRANSIENT AND SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY
ANALYSIS
PROGRAM:
clear
all
clc
E=1.2056;V=1.1;H=4.5;X=0.65;
pm=1.7;D=0.138;fo=50;
pmax=E*V/X
do=asin(pm/pmax)
ps=pmax*cos(do)
Wn=sqrt(pi*60/(H*ps))
Z=D/2*sqrt(pi*60/(H*ps))
Wd=Wn*sqrt(1-Z^2)
Fd=Wd/(2*pi)
Tau=1/(Z*Wn)
Th=acos(Z)
Ddo=10*pi/180
t=0:.01:3;
Dd=Ddo/sqrt(1-Z^2)*exp(-Z*Wn*t).*sin(Wd*t+Th);
d=(do+Dd)*180*pi;
DW=-Wn*Ddo/sqrt(1-Z^2)*exp(-Z*Wn*t).*sin(Wd*t);
f=fo+DW/(2*pi);
subplot(2,1,1),plot(t,d),grid
xlabel('tsec'),ylabel('delta
deg')
subplot(2,1,2),plot(t,f),grid
xlabel('tsec'),ylabel('freqhz')
subplot(111)
Transient Stability Analysis of Single Machine Power System
TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SINGLE MACHINE POWER SYSTEM
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear
all;
t=0;
tf=0;
tfinal=0.5;
tc=0.625;
tstep=0.05;
m=2.52/(180*50);
i=2;
delta=21.64*pi/180;
ddelta=0;
time(1)=0;
angle(1)=21.64;
pm=0.9;
pmaxbf=2.44;
pmaxdf=0.88;
pmaxaf=2.00;
while
t<tfinal
if(t==tf)
paminus=0.9-pmaxbf*sin(delta);
paplus=0.9-pmaxdf*sin(delta);
paav=(paminus+paplus)/2;
pa=paav;
end
if(t==tc)
paminus=0.9-pmaxdf*sin(delta);
paplus=0.9-pmaxaf*sin(delta);
paav=(paminus+paplus)/2;
pa=paav;
end
if(t>tf&t<tc)
pa-pm-pmaxdf*sin(delta);
end
if(t>tc)
end
t,pa
ddelta=ddelta+(tstep*tstep*pa/m);
delta=(delta*180/pi+ddelta)*pi/180;
deltadeg=delta*180/pi;
t=t+tstep;
time(i)=t;
ang(i)=deltadeg;
ang(i)=deltadeg;
i=i+1;
end
axis([0
0.6 0 160])
plot(time,ang,'ko-')
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